The Benefits of Spectral Gamma Ray Log For Clay Minerals Identification in Brunei's Wells and Outcrops /

By 'Amila Fashihah binti Haji Abu Bakar. Bandar Seri Begawan : Universiti Teknologi Brunei , 2025 . v, 109 pages : , Thesis submitted for the degree of Master of Science Universiti Teknologi Brunei | Shale and clay-rich formations pose significant challenges in the oil and gas industry, primarily due to wellbore instability issues such as shale sloughing and clay swelling. These problems arise when reactive clay minerals, particularly montmorillonite, interact with drilling fluids, resulting in hydration and subsequent volumetric expansion. In Brunei, most wells contain slurry montmorillonite, which presents a substantial risk of formation swelling and collapse when exposed to water-based drilling fluids. Consequently, the appropriate selection of drilling equipment, tools, and fluid systems is critical for maintaining wellbore stability and optimizing drilling performance. The integration of geomechanical analysis and advanced drilling fluid design plays a crucial role in mitigating these challenges, reducing non-productive time, and enhancing hydrocarbon recovery. This study aims to predict potential problematic zones by analyzing the distribution and proportion of mixed-layered clay minerals relative to residual clay compositions. A comprehensive geostatistical approach is employed to examine the spatial variability of radioactive elements such as thorium, potassium, and uranium within the formations. Variogram modeling and kriging interpolation techniques are utilized to establish correlations between these elements and clay mineral composition, offering insights into the geological and petrophysical characteristics of the subsurface. Additionally, the study applies cross-plotting techniques between thorium and potassium values, obtained through the Spectral Gamma Ray Logging (SGRL), to enhance clay mineral characterization. By integrating geostatistical analysis with spectral gamma-ray logging data, this research seeks to improve the identification and classification of clay minerals in Brunei’s subsurface formations. The findings are expected to contribute to more effective assessments of formation stability, aiding the development of optimized drilling strategies and reservoir management practices. Ultimately, this study enhances the understanding of clay mineral distributions, supporting improved wellbore design, increased drilling efficiency, and reduced formation-related challenges in hydrocarbon exploration and production. 30 cm..

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Development and Application of Durian Seed Waste as Food Packaging : An Approach Toward Circular Economy /

By Siti Nur Asyifa Nazihah binti Andey Asmara. Bandar Seri Begawan : Universiti Teknologi Brunei , 2025 . xiii, 135 pages : , Thesis submitted for the degree of Master of Science in Food Science and Technology Universiti Teknologi Brunei | The escalating global crisis of plastic pollution calls for innovative and sustainable solutions to reduce reliance on conventional plastics. This study focuses on the development and application of biodegradable films derived from durian seed, assessing their potential for food packaging applications, including edible film and intelligent pH sensing film, in alignment with circular economy principles and waste valorisation. Durian seed-based films were formulated using varying concentrations of durian seed solution (2-10 wt%). All films were examined for their mechanical, chemical, and thermal properties. The optimal film was identified at 10 wt% and exhibited a thickness of 0.335 ±0.068 mm, tensile strength of 0.24±0.01 MPa and elongation at break of 158.40±50.71%. A hydrophobicity angle of 93.73 ± 0.65° indicated significant water resistance. Thermal analysis confirmed increased heat stability at higher concentration, while morphological studies revealed uniform film dispersion with no cracks and voids. The film also demonstrated an opacity value of 0.81 mm⁻¹, making it suitable for the application of biodegradable and edible packaging. For edible film application, food samples wrapped in durian-seed based films exhibited significantly lower increases in moisture content compared with commercial food wrappers. To enhance functionality and scalability, butterfly pea flower extract was incorporated as a secondary material for pH-responsive application. The durian seed-based pH sensing film exhibited visually perceptible colour changes between pH 1-12. During the storage of fish samples over 5 days, the colour of the film changed from blue to greyish green with an increase of pH from 6.8 to 9.3 which was a clear indication of spoilage of food material. The optimised durian seed starch film incorporated with carboxymethyl cellulose demonstrated promising properties, but it cannot fully replace conventional packaging, hence further refinement is needed to improve reliability. Overall, this research underscores the dual benefits of reducing food waste and combating plastic pollution, offering a biodegradable alternative for food packaging applications. 30 cm..

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The Benefits of Spectral Gamma Ray Log For Clay Minerals Identification in Brunei's Wells and Outcrops /

Development and Application of Durian Seed Waste as Food Packaging : An Approach Toward Circular Economy /