E-learning and the science of instruction : proven guidelines for consumers and designers of multimedia learning / Ruth Colvin Clark

Machine generated contents note: Acknowledgments.Introduction.1. e-Learning: Promise and Pitfalls.What Is e-Learning?Is e-Learning Better?The Promise of e-Learning.The Pitfalls of e-Learning.Inform and Perform e-Learning Goals.e-Learning Architectures.What Is Effective e-Courseware?Learning in e-Learning.2. How Do People Learn from e-Courses.How Do People Learn?How e-Lessons Affect Human Learning.What We Don't Know About Learning.3. Evidence-Based Practice.What Is Evidence-Based Practice?Three Approaches to Research on Instructional Effectiveness.What to Look for in Experimental Comparisons.How to Interpret No Effect in Experimental Comparisons.How to Interpret Research Statistics.How Can You Identify Relevant Research?What We Don't Know About Evidence-Based Practice.4. Applying the Multimedia Principle: Use Words and Graphics Rather Than Words Alone.Do Visuals Make a Difference?Multimedia Principle: Include Both Words and Graphics.Some Ways to Use Graphics to Promote Learning.Psychological Reasons for the Multimedia Principle.Evidence for Using Words and Pictures.The Multimedia Principle Works Best for Novices.Should You Change Static Illustrations into Animations?What We Don't Know About Visuals.5. Applying the Contiguity Principle: Align Words to Corresponding Graphics.Contiguity Principle 1: Place Printed Words Near Corresponding Graphics.Contiguity Principle 2: Synchronize Spoken Words with Corresponding Graphics.Psychological Reasons for the Contiguity Principle.Evidence for Presenting Printed Words Near Corresponding Graphics.Evidence for Presenting Spoken Words at the Same Time as Corresponding Graphics.What We Don't Know About Contiguity.6. Applying the Modality Principle: Present Words as Audio Narration Rather Than On-Screen Text.Modality Principle: Present Words as Speech Rather Than On-Screen Text.Limitations to the Modality Principle.Psychological Reasons for the Modality Principle.Evidence for Using Spoken Rather Than Printed Text.When the Modality Principle Applies.What We Don't Know About Modality.7. Applying the Redundancy Principle: Explain Visuals with Words in Audio OR Text: Not Both.Redundancy Principle 1: Do Not Add On-Screen Text to Narrated Graphics.Psychological Reasons for the Redundancy Principle.Evidence for Omitting Redundant On-Screen Text.Redundancy Principle 2: Consider Adding On-Screen Text to Narration in Special Situations.Psychological Reasons for Exceptions to the Redundancy Principle.Evidence for Including Redundant On-Screen Text.What We Don't Know About Redundancy.8. Applying the Coherence Principle: Adding Material Can Hurt Learning.Coherence Principle 1: Avoid e-Lessons with Extraneous Audio.Psychological Reasons to Avoid Extraneous Audio in e-Learning.Evidence for Omitting Extraneous Audio.Coherence Principle 2: Avoid e-Lessons with Extraneous Graphics.Psychological Reasons to Avoid Extraneous Graphics in e-Learning.Evidence for Omitting Extraneous Graphics Added for Interest.Evidence for Using Simpler Visuals.Coherence Principle 3: Avoid e-Lessons with Extraneous Words.Psychological Reasons to Avoid Extraneous Words in e-Learning.Evidence for Omitting Extraneous Words Added for Interest.Evidence for Omitting Extraneous Words Added to Expand on Key Ideas.Evidence for Omitting Extraneous Words Added for Technical Depth.What We Don't Know About Coherence.9. Applying the Personalization Principle: Use Conversational Style and Virtual Coaches.Personalization Principle 1: Use Conversational Rather Than Formal Style.Psychological Reasons for the Personalization Principle.Evidence for Using Conversational Style.Promote Personalization Through Voice Quality.Promote Personalization Through Polite Speech.Personalization Principle 2: Use Effective On-Screen Coaches to Promote Learning.Personalization Principle 3: Make the Author Visible to Promote Learning.Psychological Reasons for Using a Visible Author.Evidence for the Visible Author.What We Don't Know About Personalization.10. Applying the

"Thoroughly revised and updated, this third edition of the best-selling book offers a comprehensive review of multimedia learning for both users and designers. The book contains design principles that are written to increase learning while debunking many popular theories about good design. The book also contains the most current research and includes new topics (e-learning for educators, new delivery technologies, social media, and more) and offers helpful guidelines. The book's many examples: create working multimedia that inform the research guidelines; have been update to include real-world screen captures; extend principles to illustrate their application to synchronous e-learning tools"-- Provided by publisher.